# Ipamorelin References — Peer-Reviewed Citations

> Full citation list for the ipamorelin research reviewed on this site — PubMed IDs, DOIs, and direct links to the published studies.

## How to Use This Page

Every quantitative claim on this site about ipamorelin, CJC-1295, or related compounds maps to one of the numbered citations below. Reference numbers in the text correspond to entries here. DOI links open to the publisher; PubMed links open to the indexed record at NCBI. Paywalled journal articles are listed with their available abstract page.

## Citations

[1] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552–561. PMID: 9849822. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1390552. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

[2] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue (selectivity data: GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 comparison). European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552–561. PMID: 9849822. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1390552. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

[3] Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(2):106–113. PMID: 10373343. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.1999.9998. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/

[4] Andersen NB, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Andreassen TT, Ørtoft G, Oxlund H. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2001;11(5):266–272. PMID: 11735244. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.2001.0239. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11735244/

[5] Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Bengtsson BA, Rømer J, Ahnfelt-Rønne I, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO. The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. Journal of Endocrinology. 2000;165(3):569–577. PMID: 10828840. DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1650569. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828840/

[6] Venkova K, Mann W, Nelson R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Efficacy of ipamorelin, a novel ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2009;329(3):1110–1116. PMID: 19289567. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.149211. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19289567/

[7] Jiménez-Reina L, Cañete R, de la Torre MJ, Bernal G. Influence of chronic treatment with the growth hormone secretagogue Ipamorelin, in young female rats: somatotroph response in vitro. Histology and Histopathology. 2002;17(3):707–714. PMID: 12168778. DOI: 10.14670/HH-17.707. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168778/

[8] Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Haahr PM, Wilken M, Oxlund H. Methylprednisolone does not inhibit the release of growth hormone after intravenous injection of a novel growth hormone secretagogue in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(6):396–403. PMID: 10629165. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.1999.0128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10629165/

[9] Johansen PB, Hansen KT, Andersen JV, Johansen NL. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin and other peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues with emphasis on nasal absorption. Xenobiotica. 1998;28(11):1083–1091. PMID: 9879640. DOI: 10.1080/004982598238976. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9879640/

[10] Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2001;280(1):132–138. PMID: 11162489. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4065. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11162489/

[11] Bochicchio GV, et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8. NCT00672074. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8

[12] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799–805. PMID: 16352683. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/

[13] Sallam HS, Chen JDZ. The Prokinetic Face of Ghrelin. International Journal of Peptides. 2010. PMID: 20721347. DOI: 10.1155/2010/493614. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2915793/

[14] National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine. Tesamorelin — LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. NIH Bookshelf. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548730/

[15] Ankersen M, Johansen NL, Madsen K, Hansen BS, Raun K, Nielsen KK, Thogersen H, Hansen TK, Peschke B, Lau J, Lundt BF, Andersen PH. A new series of highly potent growth hormone-releasing peptides derived from ipamorelin. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 1998;41(19):3699–3704. PMID: 9733495. DOI: 10.1021/jm9801962. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9733495/

[16] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue (mechanistic context: GHS-R1a vs GHRHR receptor family distinction). European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552–561. PMID: 9849822. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1390552. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

[17] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue (somatostatin feedback mechanism). European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552–561. PMID: 9849822. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1390552. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

[18] Frohman LA, Kineman RD. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006. PMID: 17018654. DOI: PMID 17018654 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/

[19] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2009;19(6):471–477. PMID: 19386527. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/

[20] FDA Drug Compounding Regulatory Announcement. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503B of the FD&C Act — Category 2 Policy Update. September 2024. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act

[21] NCBI PubMed. Tesamorelin meta-analysis: Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. 2026. PMID: 41545261. DOI: PMID 41545261 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/

[22] Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Haahr PM, Wilken M, Oxlund H. Methylprednisolone does not inhibit the release of growth hormone after intravenous injection of a novel growth hormone secretagogue in rats (IGF-1 elevation finding). Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(6):396–403. PMID: 10629165. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.1999.0128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10629165/

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A pastel-cloud reading of the ipamorelin literature — soft pulsatile pharmacology summarized from the peer-reviewed record, held by no clinic and sold by no one.